Myanmar and Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discsuss about the Case Study of Myanmar and the Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis. Answer: Overview of Burma History of Burma mainly started from the end of 16th century when the Taungoo Dynasty conquered a huge part of the South East Asia. In the much later stage, the main development in the entire region started under the British rule. The main ethnic groups of Burma includes Bamar constitute the majority portion with 68 percent. They are followed by the Shan community. They constitute nearly 9 percent of the total population of Burma. Buddhism is the major religion being followed in the country[1]. Nearly 87 percent of the total population follows Buddhism. They are followed by 6 percent Christians and 4 percent Muslims. It is also to be noted that Burma is strategically located between the Indian subcontinent and the South East Asian countries. Thus, they serve as the gateway for the South East Asian countries. They are surrounded by India, Bangladesh, China, Laos and Thailand. Bay of Bengalis is in their Southern side. Myanmar is having favorable diplomatic relationship with their neig hboring countries in the recent past but in the recent time, they are having strained relationship with the some countries such as Bangladesh and India. Change in Name In the late 1980s, the name of Burma got changed to Myanmar. This change was done by general Saw Maung who came to power with the help of military coup. According to the military government, the name was changed due to the reason that Myanmar as name is more inclusive of all the ethnic groups especially the minority groups. On the other hand, Burma is derived from the majority ethnic group of the country[2]. However, this change in name is still having controversy with it and still many countries did not recognized the new name as official name. Emergence of the Rohingya crisis Rohingya is the largest portion of the minority Muslims in Myanmar. They are majorly based in Rakhine state of Myanmar. However, the issues started due to the clash between them and the ethnic Buddhist communities in the country. Moreover, with having the Buddhist majority government in place, Rohingya Muslims is also deprived from their citizenship status of Myanmar, rather they are considered as the illegal immigrants from Bangladesh[3]. The continuous clash between the ethnic Buddhists and Rohingya erupted with different smaller incidents and incited the nationalist environment in the country. Myanmar army was accused of mass abusing and torturing Rohinhyas in retaliation of the recent attacks by Arakan Liberation army[4]. Mass graves were discovered of the Rohingyas. This caused global negative response from different countries and regulatory bodies. Early warning signals There were early warning signals of the present conflict of Rohingyas. One of the major early signals was the age old conflict between the Buddhist ad Muslims. This should get rectified in the primary stage itself by the regulatory authorities. Another early signal was the discovery of the graves in the Northern Rakhine of the Rohingyas[5]. Government at that point of time should take specific measures to avoid the further escalations. Nations affected Apart from Myanmar, there are some other nations also affected from the Rohingya crisis. Bangladesh is the most badly affected due to the reason that majority of the Rohingyas are fleeing to nearby areas of Bangladesh[6]. Various refugee camps such as in Cox bazaar in Bangladesh are being set up to accommodate these refugees. Another affected country is India. According to the reports, there are more than 40000 illegal immigrants of Rohingyas fled in India. This population is posing security concerns for the internal security of India. Other countries such as Thailand and Indonesia are also facing the inflow of Rohingyas in their countries. International response There is limited approach of the international response towards the atrocities of the Rohingyas in Myanmar. Countries such as India and China are in favor of deporting the immigrants rather condemning the incidents. This is mainly due to their strategic alliances with Myanmar. On the other hand, Bangladesh has largely condemned the incidents and received huge inflow of immigrants. However, in the recent time, they are also trying to deporting them back citing the economical issues[7]. Indonesia is the most active country among all with sending their foreign minister to Myanmar for urgent discussion. United Nations have also taken limited approach toward the atrocities by just sending their delegations to the country rather putting any sanctions. Impact of diplomacy Diplomacy and negotiations helped in resolving the issues to a certain extent. This is due to the reason that constant diplomacy of India, Bangladesh and United States forced Myanmar to get agreed in taking back the misplaced Rohingyas. However, the still now the process of taking them back has not started and more news of misplacements of Rohingyas are being reported[8]. Nations actively involved International bodies such as Organizations of Islamic Cooperation and United Nations are the most active players in the Rohingya crisis. Apart from them, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and United States are the most involved countries sequentially. Recommended steps There are some steps that should be followed in order to solve the issues with Rohingyas. Pressurizing Myanmar government through their most reliable countries, sanctioning partially, make them accountable in the United Nations and offerings support and assistances to the government. These steps consist of both positive and negative ones. It is important to identify the country on which Myanmar is strategically dependant. That country will be the most effective in pressurizing them. China is one of their key strategic partners, China should be persuaded regarding the threat from Rohingya crisis and they should be made to talk with Myanmar. The next step is made them accountable. Myanmar is also the member in the United Nations. Thus, consensus should be created among the likeminded countries and make Myanmar accountable in front of them. Collective pressure will have more long term impact. The last step is offering help and assistances. Government of Myanmar should be motivated to resolve the issue and necessary helps will be given to them. They should also be communicated about the benefits that Myanmar will receive by resolving the issue. References Ahsan Ullah, A. K. M. "Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar: Seeking Justice for the Stateless." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 32.3 (2016): 285-301. Azad, Ashraful, and Fareha Jasmin. "Durable solutions to the protracted refugee situation: The case of Rohingyas in Bangladesh." Journal of Indian Research 1.4 (2013): 25-35. Brooten, Lisa, Syed Irfan Ashraf, and Ngozi Agwaziam Akinro. "Traumatized victims and mutilated bodies: Human rights and the politics of immediationin the Rohingya crisis of Burma/Myanmar." International Communication Gazette 77.8 (2015): 717-734. Lim, Alvin Cheng-Hin. "The 2015 Refugee Boat Crisis In Southeast Asia: Humanitarian And Security ImplicationsAnalysis." (2015). News.Bbc.Co.Uk.News.Bbc.Co.Uk, 2018, https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7013943.stm. Accessed 3 Apr 2018. Parnini, Syeda Naushin, Mohammad Redzuan Othman, and Amer Saifude Ghazali. "The Rohingya refugee crisis and Bangladesh-Myanmar relations." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 22.1 (2013): 133-146. Seekins, Donald M. Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar). Rowman Littlefield, 2017. Southwick, Katherine. "Preventing mass atrocities against the stateless Rohingya in Myanmar: A call for solutions." Journal of International Affairs 68.2 (2015): 137. Seekins, Donald M. Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar). Rowman Littlefield, 2017. News.Bbc.Co.Uk.News.Bbc.Co.Uk, 2018, https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7013943.stm. Accessed 3 Apr 2018. Lim, Alvin Cheng-Hin. "The 2015 Refugee Boat Crisis In Southeast Asia: Humanitarian And Security ImplicationsAnalysis." (2015). Brooten, Lisa, Syed Irfan Ashraf, and Ngozi Agwaziam Akinro. "Traumatized victims and mutilated bodies: Human rights and the politics of immediationin the Rohingya crisis of Burma/Myanmar." International Communication Gazette 77.8 (2015): 717-734. Southwick, Katherine. "Preventing mass atrocities against the stateless Rohingya in Myanmar: A call for solutions." Journal of International Affairs 68.2 (2015): 137. Azad, Ashraful, and Fareha Jasmin. "Durable solutions to the protracted refugee situation: The case of Rohingyas in Bangladesh." Journal of Indian Research 1.4 (2013): 25-35. Parnini, Syeda Naushin, Mohammad Redzuan Othman, and Amer Saifude Ghazali. "The Rohingya refugee crisis and Bangladesh-Myanmar relations." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 22.1 (2013): 133-146. Ahsan Ullah, A. K. M. "Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar: Seeking Justice for the Stateless." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 32.3 (2016): 285-301